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Child Support Enforcement Programs

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Fathers, Mothers, and Children

A guide to establishing paternity.
Overview

Parenting is a Partnership

Children have the right to obtain support from both parents. Children need their parents to work together to provide support and love. This is true even when the parents are not married to one another.

If the parents of a child were not married when the child was born, they need to establish paternity. Paternity means fatherhood. To establish paternity is to establish fatherhood - to legally name a child's father. Your county child support enforcement agency (CSEA) can help you establish fatherhood for your child.Click to go to top of page


Why is it important to establish fatherhood?
IDENTITY

Establishing fatherhood is important to a child's sense of self. Every child should know who his or her father is.

SUPPORT

Establishing fatherhood makes it easier for a father to give the support and care his child should have.

MEDICAL

Establishing fatherhood makes it easier to find out about medical problems that may run in the family. Also, establishing fatherhood shows a father has the right to get health care for his child in an emergency.

BENEFITS

Establishing fatherhood makes it easier for a father to help his child if the father becomes disabled or dies. The child could get help from the father's Social Security or veteran benefits, or from an inheritance.

How is fatherhood established?

There are several ways to establish fatherhood. The law will regard a man as the child's father if:

  • The child is born while the mother is married to the man.

  • The child is born within 300 days after the marriage between the mother and the man ends.

  • The man signs the child's birth certificate in the hospital as the child's father.

  • The man and the mother sign a form at the CSEA saying the man is the child's father. The form, called an acknowledgment of paternity, can also be signed in probate court.

  • The man marries the mother after the child is born. The man must either:

    • sign a notarized statement that he is the father of the child, or

    • have his name added to the child's birth certificate

  • The man, the child, and the child's mother take part in DNA tests. The tests show there is at least a 95 percent chance the man is the child's father.

If the law regards a man as the child's father, the man has a duty to support his child.
The man may not agree that he is the child's father. The CSEA or the court will look into the matter. If they decided he is the father, they can establish fatherhood by getting a paternity order. A paternity order is a finding by a CSEA or court saying that the man is the child's father.

What do I need to do?

Talk to your CSEA worker. He or she can tell you if you need to establish fatherhood.Click to go to top of page

What if more than one man could be the father?

Your CSEA or the court can help you get DNA tests.
A small sample of blood is taken from the child, the mother, and each man who could be the child's father. Sometimes a small sample of tissue is rubbed off the inside the cheek instead.
The samples are compared to see who is the child's father. Your CSEA usually gets the results of the testing in three or four weeks. The tests are very reliable. They show who the child's father is.

Who do I ask about the tests?

Ask your CSEA worker.

Who pays for the tests?

Usually, the CSEA pays for the tests. If a man is legally named as the child's father, he may have to pay back the CSEA for the tests.

What happens after the tests show who the child's father is?

The paperwork is finished to establish fatherhood. The CSEA may send the father a notice saying he must pay child support.

What decides the child's last name?

When the child is born, the mother gives the child's last name on the birth certificate. She can give any name she wants, whether or not fatherhood is established. If a parent wants, the child's name might be changed later through court. To learn more, talk to your CSEA worker.

Mothers - Questions you may have
What if the father and I are getting along and he's helping me take care of the baby?

Fatherhood should still be established. The two of you could stop getting along. He could stop helping you take care of the baby.

What if the father has no job?

Fatherhood should still be established. If the father has no job and is not in school, your CSEA can order him to get a job so he can pay child support. Your CSEA can collect support due now. It can also collect any past due support that has built up.

What if the father is not 18 yet?Click to go to top of page

Fatherhood should still be established. The father can be ordered to pay child support despite his age. Sometimes, the father's parents can be ordered to pay child support as well.

What if the father is in school and has no money or is in jail?

Fatherhood should still be established. When the father gets a job after getting out of school or jail, your CSEA can collect child support.

What if I am not sure who the father is?

Your CSEA worker will ask you questions about who might be the child's father. Some of these questions may embarrass you or be hard to answer. Answer the questions with as many details as you can. Your answers will help your worker find the man or men who could be your child's father. Then, DNA tests can be done. Don't name a man as the father of your child if you know he is not. This is against the law.

What if I go on welfare?

You will have to cooperate in naming the child's father to get welfare.

What if I'm afraid the child's father will hurt me or my child? I still have to cooperate to get welfare?

Tell your CSEA worker if you have this problem. Your worker will ask you to show good cause. Good cause means proving that if you name the father you or the child would be in danger.

Will the father have to help cover my child's medical bills?

After you have established fatherhood, your CSEA can ask the father to provide health insurance for his child. The health insurance is usually through a job or a union.

I want to know more about the DNA tests. How old must my baby be?

Testing can be done any time after your child is born.

How much blood is needed?

Only a few drops are needed from the baby. The blood is usually taken from the child's arm, but sometimes from the finger or heel. Sometimes samples of cheek cells are taken instead.

Will the test hurt my baby?

Your child will feel a sting, like when he or she gets a shot. Most babies cry because they don't like to be held still. Some cry because they are afraid of strangers. Have a toy, bottle, or treat ready to help dry the tears.

How long does it take?

Collecting the samples is done quickly. Even with the paperwork, the whole process takes 20 to 30 minutes.

Can I establish fatherhood if the child's father moves to another state?

Yes, but it may be harder and take more time. If the father is still in Ohio, talk to your CSEA worker right away. The best time to establish fatherhood is when both parents are living in Ohio. Click to go to top of page

Can the father visit the child?

You an the father may agree on visits without going to court. If the two of you don't agree on visits, you will need to go to court. If the father wants his right to visit spelled out legally, it must be done through the court.

After I have established fatherhood, can the father ask for custody of the child?

A father has the right to ask the court to give him custody. In most cases, the court gives custody to the parent who already has a home for the child.

Why should I establish fatherhood now?

The sooner a father begins to support the child, the more likely he will keep doing so.
When you wait, you take a chance. You don't know what might happen in the future. The father might move and you might not be able to find him. The father could die. Your child may not get any inheritance or other support. You need to make sure your child will have support from both parents.

Fathers - Questions you may have
Do I have to pay child support?

Yes - after you are legally named as the father, you have a duty to support the child. You need to help with the costs of raising a child, including medical bills.

The mother of the child said she was using birth control.

It's her fault she's pregnant. Why should I pay?

You have a duty to support your child. It does not matter if you think it's fair. It does not matter if you agreed to the pregnancy.

What if I'm in school?

You still have a duty to support your child.

What if the mother marries someone else?

You still have a duty to support your child. You will always have the duty to support your child and rights to your child unless a court rules differently.

Can I be named as a father if I'm not 18 yet?

Yes. You can also be ordered to help the mother support the child, despite your age. Sometimes, your parents may be ordered to pay support for your child as well.

Can the mother name me as the father if I live in another state?

Yes. Every state has child support laws. These laws let the mother prove you are the father even if you live in another state. Click to go to top of page

Can I visit my child?

You and the mother may agree on visits without going to court. If the two of you don't agree on visits, you will need to go to court. If you want your right to visit your child spelled out legally, you will need to go to court.

Can I ask for custody of my child?
Yes, but you must first establish fatherhood. If you decide to ask for custody, the court decides which parent is better able to care for the child. In most cases, the court gives custody to the parent who already has a home for the child.
How does it help me to establish fatherhood?

You are helped in many ways. Being legally named as the father protects the tie between you and your child. You have the chance to be a role model for your child. You can be part of your child's life.

Why should I establish fatherhood now?

Your child has the right to regularly obtain support from both parents, now and in the future.
When you wait, you take a chance. You don't know what might happen in the future. You might not get the chance to support and care for your child. Your child could grow up without a father in his or her life. You need to make sure your child will have support and care from both parents.

If you have problems
or need more information contact:
Office of Child Support Enforcement
The Ohio Department of Job and Family Services
30 East Broad Street, 31st Floor
Columbus, Ohio 43266-0423
Phone: (800) 686-1556

If you have a hearing problem:
Phone: (614) 752-3951

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